The breakdown of social structures has also left women and children particularly vulnerable. The war has led to the collapse of community and family networks that traditionally provided protection and support. With these safety nets destroyed, women and children are more exposed to violence, exploitation and other forms of abuse as they navigate an

Anwar was firm in his resolve not to bring back the goods and services tax (GST) that was introduced by former prime minister Najib Razak in 2015. Though Anwar conceded that the GST is the most efficient taxation system, he complained that it is regressive and vowed not to bring it back until the income threshold reached a minimum of RM3,000–4,00

Burdened with a jihadist history that it has sought to shed over the past decade, HTS sparked outrage this week with the introduction of changes to primary and secondary school curricula. Critics charged the changes Islamicized the curricula. Many of the education ministry’s changes removed references to Assad’s regime, including photographs an

Another example is Kalis Mardiasih, an NU activist known for her criticism of conservative positions on issues concerning women through her books Muslimah yang Diperdebatkan (Muslim Women Who Are Debated, 2019) and Hijrah Jangan Jauh-Jauh, Nanti Nyasar! (Don’t Hijrah Too Far, You’ll Get Lost!, 2019), which have been reprinted multiple times.[65

Furthermore, resistance to Hijrah narratives arises not only from established institutions but also through grassroots and individual initiatives. Notable examples are online-based literary movements like Gerakan Islam Cinta (Love Islam Movement) and Relax It’s Just Religion!, as well as Islamic news portals such as the pesantren-based mubadalah.